Установите гостевые дополнения virtualbox в ubuntu и debian

Why should you use VirtualBox Guest Additions?

With VirtualBox Guest Additions enabled, using the virtual machine becomes a lot more comfortable. Don’t believe me? Here are the important features that the Guest Additions offer:

• Mouse pointer integration: You no longer need to press any key to “free” the cursor from the Guest OS.
• Shared clipboard: With the Guest Additions installed, you can copy-paste between the guest and the host operating systems.
• Drag and drop: You can also drag and drop files between the host and the guest OS.
• Shared folders: My favorite feature; this feature allows you to exchange files between the host and the guest. You can tell VirtualBox to treat a certain host directory as a shared folder, and the program will make it available to the guest operating system as a network share, irrespective of whether guest actually has a network.
• Better video support: The custom video drivers that are installed with the Guest Additions provide you with extra high and non-standard video modes, as well as accelerated video performance. It also allows you to resize the virtual machine’s window. The video resolution in the guest will be automatically adjusted, as if you had manually entered an arbitrary resolution in the guest’s Display settings.
• Seamless windows: The individual windows that are displayed on the desktop of the virtual machine can be mapped on the host’s desktop, as if the underlying application was actually running on the host.
• Generic host/guest communication channels: The Guest Additions enable you to control and monitor guest execution. The “guest properties” provide a generic string-based mechanism to exchange data bits between a guest and a host, some of which have special meanings for controlling and monitoring the guest. Applications can be started in the Guest machine from the Host.
• Time synchronization: The Guest Additions will resynchronize the time with that of the Host machine regularly. The parameters of the time synchronization mechanism can be configured.
• Automated logins: Basically credentials passing, it can be a useful feature.

Impressed by the features it provides? Let’s see how you can install VirtualBox Guest Additions on Ubuntu Linux.

What Do the Guest Additions Do?

Now that we know what Guest Additions are, let’s look at what the VirtualBox Guest Additions actually do for you.

1. Shared Clipboard/Drag and Drop

Chances are that you’ll eventually want to move some content between your virtual machine (the guest) and your actual computer (the host). With the Guest Additions installed, VirtualBox packs a few features to make this easy.

First is the shared clipboard/drag and drop support. This allows you to copy items on one platform and paste them on the other, as well as dragging files between them. To adjust this, select your VM on the VirtualBox home page and choose Settings.

In the General section, switch to Advanced tab and you can choose options for Shared Clipboard and Drag’n’Drop. You can choose Disabled, Host to Guest, Guest to Host, or Bidirectional for both of them.

Unless you have a specific reason to choose something else, Bidirectional is the most convenient.

Once you have this enabled, both copy/paste and dragging will work across systems.

2. Shared Folders

If you’d rather make folders on your host system accessible in the VM, you can utilize shared folders. This Guest Additions feature lets you mount host folders as «network resources» in the guest OS without actually using a network.

To use it, click Settings on a VM and jump to the Shared Folders section. Select the Add Share button on the right side, then choose a folder on your computer to share with the guest.

Give it a name, choose Auto-mount if you want it to connect automatically, and hit OK.

Now, that folder will appear as a network drive in the guest OS.

3. Improved Graphics Support

As mentioned earlier, virtual machines don’t support high-resolution graphics from the start. Once you install the Guest Additions, though, you’ll have full control over the resolution options in the guest OS’s settings menu. For instance, if you have a 1920×1080 monitor, you can display the VM in full-screen at 1080p.

That’s not the only graphical enhancement that the Guest Additions add. Using them, the guest OS’s resolution will dynamically resize as you adjust the VirtualBox window on your computer. This lets you use the VM at any size you like without playing with resolution options.

Finally, with Guest Additions, the guest OS can take advantage of your computer’s graphics hardware. If you’re playing games or using other graphically intensive software in a WM, this makes a huge difference.

4. Seamless App Windows

Another neat benefit of the Guest Additions is a seamless mode. This lets you run app windows from the guest alongside apps from your host OS, so it feels like they’re all part of one system. It’s a lot like how Parallels runs Windows apps on a Mac.

To use this mode, press the Host key + L when your virtual machine is in focus. If you haven’t changed it, the default Host key in VirtualBox is the right Ctrl key.

Once you’ve done this, the VM will go full-screen and VirtualBox will remove its background. You’re then free to use its windows with your regular desktop software. Hit Host + L again to turn this off—if it doesn’t seem to work, make sure you select the VirtualBox VM first.

5. Other Benefits of VirtualBox Guest Additions

The above functions are the main features of VirtualBox’s Guest Additions. There are a few other useful perks to installing them, though these are not as generally useful.

One that may affect you, depending on the guest OS, is seamless mouse integration. With most modern OSes, VirtualBox allows you to seamlessly move your mouse between your host and guest system. However, some older OSes require exclusive control of your keyboard and mouse.

If this is the case, your mouse pointer will become «trapped» inside the VirtualBox window after you click inside it. This means that you must hit the Host key (right Ctrl by default) to bring the mouse control back to the host OS.

Otherwise, the Guest Additions bring time synchronization with your host machine, the option for automated logins, and can monitor communications between the guest and host. None of this has much use for the average user.

Enable shared folders

No matter which method you will use to mount your folder, all methods require some steps first.

To avoid this issue , make sure the kernel module is properly loaded. It should be, since we enabled all guest kernel modules previously.

Two additional steps are needed in order for the mount point to be accessible from users other than root:

• the package created a group (done in a previous step);
• your user must be in user group.

Manual mounting

Use the following command to mount your folder in your Arch Linux guest:

# mount -t vboxsf -o gid=vboxsf shared_folder_name mount_point_on_guest_system

where is the Folder name assigned by the hypervisor when the share was created.

If the user is not in the vboxsf group, to give them access to our mountpoint we can specify the options and with the corresponding values of the user. These values can obtained from the command run against this user. For example:

# mount -t vboxsf -o uid=1000,gid=1000 home /mnt

Automounting

Note: Automounting requires the to be enabled/started.

In order for the automounting feature to work you must have checked the auto-mount checkbox in the GUI or used the optional argument with the command .

The shared folder should now appear as . If users cannot access the shared folders, check that has permissions or is owned by the group if using permissions . This is currently not the default if the directory is created by .

You can use symlinks if you want to have a more convenient access and avoid to browse in that directory, e.g.:

$ ln -s /media/sf_shared_folder_name ~/my_documents

Mount at boot

You can mount your directory with fstab. However, to prevent startup problems with systemd, should be added to . This way, the shared folders are mounted only when those mount points are accessed and not during startup. This can avoid some problems, especially if the guest additions are not loaded yet when systemd reads fstab and mounts the partitions.

sharedFolderName  /path/to/mntPtOnGuestMachine  vboxsf  uid=user,gid=group,rw,dmode=700,fmode=600,noauto,x-systemd.automount 

• : the value from the VirtualMachine’s Settings > SharedFolders > Edit > FolderName menu. This value can be different from the name of the real folder name on the host machine. To see the VirtualMachine’s Settings go to the host OS VirtualBox application, select the corresponding virtual machine and click on Settings.
• : if not existing, this directory should be created manually (for example by using ).
• / are directory/file permissions for directories/files inside .

As of 2012-08-02, mount.vboxsf does not support the option:

desktop  /media/desktop  vboxsf  uid=user,gid=group,rw,dmode=700,fmode=600,nofail  0  0

Общая информация по VirtualBox Guest Additions

Для более эффективной работы и взаимодействием между реальной и виртуальной машиной, созданной в VirtualBox, используется специальное дополнение к последнему – Guest Additions. Данный пакет расширений открывает дополнительные возможности, среди которых:

• Создание реальной сети в виртуальной машине. Благодаря ней из операционной системы, которая установлена в VirtualBox можно выходить в интернет, производить обмен данными между основной машиной и виртуальной;
• Добавляет поддержку видеодрайверов. Благодаря этому вы можете менять разрешение экрана, на установленной виртуальной системе, проверять производительность программ, требующих наличие графических драйверов и т.д;
• Более удобная интеграция курсора мыши между операционными системами. Например, теперь не нужно нажимать дополнительные кнопки, чтобы курсор переместился из виртуальной системы, что стоит в VirtualBox, в вашу основную;
• Синхронизация времени между основной операционной системой и виртуальной;
• Возможность автоматического входа в виртуальную систему.

Монтирование образа VirtulBox Guest Additions

По умолчанию все пакеты этого дополнения уже внесены в VirtualBox, поэтому нет смысла скачивать что-либо дополнительно с официального сайта разработчика. Для установки нужно только подключить уже скаченный пакет:

1. Остановите уже запущенную виртуальную машину в интерфейсе VirtualBox. Для этого нажмите правой кнопкой мыши по нужной операционной системе и выберите из контекстного меню пункт «Отключить».
2. Выберите нужную машину и нажмите на кнопку «Настройки», что расположена в верхнем меню интерфейса.

В окне «Настроек» перейдите во вкладку «Носители».
Обратите внимание на форму «Носители информации». Под «Контроллер IDE» выберите виртуальный диск.

Если в 4-м пункте вы не нашли образ виртуального диска, то нажмите на иконку диска, расположенную напротив «Привод».
В выпавшем меню нажмите «Выбрать образ оптического диска».

Откроется окно стандартного «Проводника» Windows, где вам придётся выбрать образ. В данном случае нужно перейти в корневую папку VirtualBox и найти там элемент с наименованием «VBoxGuestAdditions.iso».

Когда образ отобразится в «Контроллер IDE» перейдите к запуску виртуальной машины.

Теперь нужно перейти в папку «Компьютер», если в качестве виртуальной машины выступает ОС Windows. Под «Устройства со съёмными носителями» должен отобразится смонтированный образ.

В качестве альтернативы этой инструкции можно воспользоваться ещё этой, но при этом виртуальная машина должна быть запущена и полностью работоспособна:

1. В интерфейсе запущенной виртуальной машины нажмите на пункт «Устройства».
2. Откроется контекстное меню, где нужно нажать по «Подключить образ диска дополнительной гостевой ОС…».

Подключение займёт некоторое время. После перейдите в папку «Компьютер» и обратите внимание на «Устройства со съёмными носителями». Там должен быть образ.

Установка из образа

Процесс установки выглядит следующим образом:

1. Откройте смонтированный образ.
2. Здесь запустите файл установщика. Всего их три: универсальный, для 64-битных систем и 32-битных систем. Последние два имеют соответствующие приписки в наименовании файла.

Откроется окно с приветствием. Здесь нужно просто нажать «Next».

Следующее окно предлагает выбрать место для установки. Здесь можно оставить всё по умолчанию. Для перехода на следующий шаг нажмите «Next».

Рекомендуется снять галочку напротив пункта «Direct 3D Support», так как установка этого драйвера возможна только в «Безопасном режиме».

Начнётся установка, в ходе которой может несколько раз появится окно, где вас просят дать соглашение на установку. Везде жмите на «Установить».

Когда завершится установка «Guest Additions» установите маркер напротив пункта «Reboot now» и нажмите на «Finish».

В установки дополнения VirtualBox Guest Additions нет ничего сложного, особенно, если у вас есть опыт взаимодействия с виртуальными машинами.

Install VirtualBox Guest Additions

This guest additions installation step applies only on a GUI-less server. If you need to installing this features with the full GUI mode then jump to method 2

Method 1: Install from Terminal

1. First, Start your VirtualBox.
2. Then, start the host in question.
3. Once the host has booted, click Devices | Insert Guest Additions CD Image.
4. After that, Log in to your guest server.
5. Mount the CD-ROM with the command
6. Change into the mounted directory with the command
7. Install the necessary dependencies with the command
8. Change to the root user with the command
9. Install the Guest Additions package with the command
10. Please Allow the installation to complete.
11. Now, You will see an error stating that the installer couldn’t find the X.Org or XFree86 Window System—that’s okay, because it doesn’t exist on this host.
12. For the last, Reboot your machine, and the Guest Additions will be working.

You should see a bit of a performance increase, as well as the extra features (shared clipboard, shared folders, and more) awarded by this installation.

Method 2: Install from GUI Mode

1. In the Window containing the running virtual machine, select Install Guest Additions from the Devices menu.
2. When the AutoPlay window is displayed (prompting you to run the VBoxWindowsAdditions.exe program), close the window without installing the Guest Additions. Closing the window leaves the ISO image used to install the Guest Additions inserted in the virtual CD/DVD drive. You need to install the VirtualBox Guest Additions from the command line to get all the features we need.
3. In the virtual machine, on the Windows Start menu, type run in the search field and press Return. The Run dialog is displayed. Enter in the Open field.
4. Press the Return key. If you are preparing a Windows XP desktop template, you can omit the command line switch.
5. When you are prompted, click Yes to install the Guest Additions. The VirtualBox Guest Additions Setup wizard is displayed in a new window. 
6. Click the Next button to move though the various steps of the wizard. Accept all the default
   settings and then click Install to install the Guest Additions. If a Windows Security dialog is displayed that prompts you to install device software.(see the screenshoot for an example), click Install.
7. When the Guest Additions installation is complete, ensure Reboot now is selected and click Finish.
8. The VirtualBox Guest Additions Setup wizard closes and the virtual machine is rebooted.
9. When the virtual machine reboots, log in.

Next, for the last step you will need perform some additional configuration in the virtual machine. For the best setting please refer to this configuration that described on: “Additional Virtual Machine Preparation”.

Conclusions: VirtualBox: The Go-to Virtualization Option

As you can conclude, the VirtualBox Windows 10 download is very simple to implement. There is not much to it. The process itself only takes a few minutes to complete, as the download comes accompanied by instructions that are very simple to follow. Numerous people around the globe are currently taking advantage of VirtualBox. Go ahead and download it so that you can put it to good use and thus also benefit from it. It is a well-structured program that has caused a positive buzz thatseems to become muchlouder every day.

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Whonix ™-Default[edit]

Note:

• From VirtualBox v6+ it is no longer necessary to power off the virtual machine.
• For better usability, package shared-folder-help has already added user to group .

1. Navigate to the shared folder settings of the virtual machine: → → →
2. Click the folder icon that has a symbol in the upper right-hand section of the screen.
3. → Navigate to the folder you want to share.
4. → Type: . A different folder name can be utilized, but is recommended so it is the same as the example documented below — do not use (without the trailing )!
5. Check if you do not want to write to that folder from within the guest.
6. Check .
7. → Leave as is (leave it empty and do not make any changes).
8. Check (if that option exists).
9. Press to close shared folder dialog.
10. Press to close VirtualBox settings.
11. The process is now complete and the shared folder can be used.

VirtualBox shared folders are found inside the virtual machine in folder .

By default, VirtualBox uses the prefix .

In the above example, the folder will become . It can be opened using a file manager like Thunar. To open it using the the command line, run.

cd /media/sf_shared

cd /media/sf_shared

Migration to Guest Additions Packages[edit]

• Whonix 15 Release Upgradeed to Whonix 16: This is recommend.
• Whonix 16 new downloads: No action required.

1. .

2. Install.

Install .

1. Update the package lists.

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get update

2. Upgrade the system.

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

3. Install the package.

Using command line parameter is in most cases optional.

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-x11

sudo apt-get install —no-install-recommends virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-x11

The procedure of installing is complete.

3. Reboot.

4. Done.

Migration from VirtualBox Guest Additions ISO to Guest Additions packages has been completed.

Set optimal framebuffer resolution

This article or section is a candidate for merging with .

Typically after installing Guest Additions, a fullscreen Arch guest running X will be set to the optimal resolution for your display; however, the virtual console’s framebuffer will be set to a standard, often smaller, resolution detected from VirtualBox’s custom VESA driver.

To use the virtual consoles at optimal resolution, Arch needs to recognize that resolution as valid, which in turn requires VirtualBox to pass this information along to the guest OS.

First, check if your desired resolution is not already recognized by running the command ( need to be installed):

hwinfo --framebuffer

If the optimal resolution does not show up, then you will need to run the tool on the host machine and add «extra resolutions» to your virtual machine (on a Windows host, go to the VirtualBox installation directory to find ). For example:

$ VBoxManage setextradata "Arch Linux" "CustomVideoMode1" "1360x768x24"

The parameters «Arch Linux» and «1360x768x24» in the example above should be replaced with your VM name and the desired framebuffer resolution. Incidentally, this command allows for defining up to 16 extra resolutions («CustomVideoMode1» through «CustomVideoMode16»).

Afterwards, restart the virtual machine and run once more to verify that the new resolutions have been recognized by your guest system (which does not guarantee they will all work, depending on your hardware limitations).

Note: As of VirtualBox 5.2, might not show any output, but you should still be able to set a custom resolution following this procedure.

Finally, add a kernel parameter to set the framebuffer to the new resolution, for example:

video=1360x768

Additionally you may want to configure your bootloader to use the same resolution. If you use GRUB, see .

Note: Neither the kernel parameter nor the bootloader’s resolution settings (e.g. GRUB’s ) will fix the framebuffer, since they are overriden by virtue of Kernel Mode Setting. The framebuffer resolution must be set by the kernel parameter as described above.

Troubleshooting

Fullscreen mode shows blank screen

If the guest’s screen goes black above a certain size (e.g. above 2048 pixels wide), increasing the Settings > Display > Screen > Video Memory can help.

Linux guests have slow/distorted audio

The AC97 audio driver within the Linux kernel occasionally guesses the wrong clock settings when running inside VirtualBox, leading to audio that is either too slow or too fast. To fix this, create a file in with the following line:

options snd-intel8x0 ac97_clock=48000

Linux guests have slow/laggy audio

In some cases, audio can have laggy performance (for example lag behind video when streaming video online). A possible workaround can be to use the Intel HD Audio controller in VirtualBox and disable its power saving by adding the following line in a file in in the guest OS:

options snd_hda_intel power_save=0 power_save_controller=N

Arch: pacstrap script fails

If you used pacstrap in this article to also before performing a first boot into the new guest, you will need to as root before using pacstrap again; a failure to do this will render it unusable.

Поддерживаемые операционный системы:

 Windows:

• Windows XP SP3 (32-bit и 64-bit)
• Windows Vista SP1 и выше (32-bit и 64-bit).
• Windows Server 2008 (64-bit)
• Windows Server 2008 R2 (64-bit)
• Windows 7 (32-bit и 64-bit)
• Windows 8 (32-bit и 64-bit)
• Windows 8.1 (32-bit и 64-bit)
• Windows 10 RTM build 10240 (32-bit и 64-bit)
• Windows 10 RTM build 10586 (32-bit и 64-bit)
• Windows Server 2012 (64-bit)
• Windows Server 2012 R2 (64-bit)

Mac OS X (64-bit):

• 10.8 (Mountain Lion)
• 10.9 (Mavericks)
• 10.10 (Yosemite)
• 10.11 (El Capitan)

Linux (32-bit и 64-bit):

• Ubuntu 10.04 до 15.04
• Debian GNU/Linux 6.0 («Squeeze») и 8.0 («Jessie»)
• Oracle Enterprise Linux 5, Oracle Linux 6 и 7
• Redhat Enterprise Linux 5, 6 и 7
• Fedora Core / Fedora 6 до 22
• Gentoo Linux
• openSUSE 11.4, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1
• Mandriva 2011

Solaris hosts (64-bit):

• Solaris 11
• Solaris 10 (U10 и выше

Enable Shared Folder

Now you can also share files between host and guest OS via the shared folder feature. Go to the virtual machine settings. In the left pane, select . Then click on the button to add a shared folder.

• In the field, select a folder on your host OS.
• Tick on the checkbox so that the shared folder will be automatically mounted to the guest OS when virtual machine boots up.
• In the Mount-point field, enter a path on the guest OS, such as a sub-directory in your user’s home directory.
• Tick on the checkbox.

After saving the settings, you will find the shared folder appears in your home directory in the Linux Mint virtual machine, but only the root user and members of the vboxsf group have read and write access to this shared folder. So what we need to now is add your user to vboxsf group. Open up a terminal in Linux Mint and run the following command. Replace username with your real username.

sudo adduser username vboxsf

Log out of the current session and log back in. Now you should be able to access the shared folder.

Extras (missing Guest Additions)

This extra section is necessary, because sometimes people have trouble finding the Guest Additions! In general,
whenever you click Install Guest Additions …, VirtualBox is supposed to mount
the Guest Additions ISO. But this may not happen. There are several ways to rectify the situation:

First, if the Guest Additions are not found, VirtualBox may prompt you to access Internet and download the ISO
file. You only have to do this once. Unfortunately, I do not have a screenshots to share on this one.

Alternatively, you can download the image yourself and then manually mount it as a CD-ROM, under the
Settings for the particular virtual machine.

Then, the next time you launch the virtual machine, the Guest Additions will be mounted as a CD-ROM. To install
the Additions, on Windows, double-click the executable; on Linux, run the scripts as demonstrated above.

From here, you’re on common grounds.

What Is VirtualBox?

Often referred to as the best virtual machine, VirtualBox is a powerful AMD64/Intel64 and x86 virtualization creation for both home and enterprise use. For the time being, VirtualBox is the only professional solution available freely as Open Source Software, which is one of the top reasons why its popularity has skyrocketed and thus several releases of it have taken place.

VirtualBox has been established with great community effort and is back by a company that is very dedicated to providing a first-class service in every aspect. It is downloaded in record numbers every day. It is currently the top Windows 10 virtual machine, and it does not seem this is going to change anytime soon.

Virtualbox Guest Additions

The VirtualBox Guest Additions consist of device drivers and system applications that optimize the operating system for better performance and usability. One of the usability features required in this guide is automated logons, which is why you need to install the Guest Additions in the virtual machine. For a Windows 7 desktop template, you also enable Windows media redirection for enhanced playback of multimedia content played in Windows Media Player (including content displayed in Internet Explorer).

To accessing this option In the Window containing the running virtual machine, select Install Guest Additions from the Devices menu. And the AutoPlay to run this guest additions will prompt.